how to cite 3 authors apa

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APA Format & Citation Style, 7th edition

• Journal Article with 3 or More Authors
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Journal Article with Three or More Authors

General Format

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Author Surname et al., Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

(Author Surname et al., Year, page number)

References:

Surnames and initials for  up to twenty authors  should be provided in the reference list.  For more than 20 authors, list the first 19, followed by an ellipses, then list the final author.

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle.  Journal Title, Volume (issue), page range. http://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx [if available]  OR  [nothing - if in an online database and does not have a doi]  OR  URL to document on website if readers can access.

(Yonkers et al., 2001, p. 1859)

Yonkers, K. A., Ramin, S. M., Rush, A. J., Navarrete, C. A., Carmody, T., March, D., Heartwell, S., & Leveno, K. J. (2001). Onset and persistence of postpartum depression in an inner-city maternal health clinic system.  American Journal of Psychiatry, 158 (11), 1856-1863. http://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1856

Helpful Tips:

DOI:  If a journal article has a  Digital Object Identifier (DOI)  listed, you will always include this identifier in your reference  as a URL . You will not have to include a different URL or the database from which you retrieved the article if a DOI is available.  Include a DOI for all works that have a DOI, regardless of whether you used the online version or the print version.

Online Database:  If you viewed a journal article in an  online database  and it does not have a DOI, the reference should be the same as the reference for a print version of the work. In other words, nothing after the page numbers will appear.

Website/Online:  If an online work (not including academic research databases), provide the URL in the reference (as long as the URL will work for readers).

Print:  If you viewed a journal article in its  print format , be sure to check if it has a DOI listed. If it does not, your reference to the article would end after you provide the page range of the article.

Date:  When possible, include the year, month, and date in references. If the month and date are not available, use the year of publication.

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Citations with Three or More Authors

• For works that have three or more authors, list the first author followed by “et al.” (meaning “and others”) Examples: (Connell et al., 2014) Researchers Connell et al. (2015) found . . .

Researchers Connell et al. (2015) point out that one of the purposes of advertising is “framing consumer decisions by directing attention away from product disadvantages” (p. 130). 

Parenthetical:, one of the purposes of advertising is “framing consumer decisions by directing attention away from product disadvantages” (connell et al., 2015, p. 130). , paraphrase / summary:, researchers connell et al. (2015) point out that one of the purposes of advertising is to distract people from an item’s undesirable qualities when they are considering a purchase. , one of the purposes of advertising is to distract people from an item’s undesirable qualities when they are considering a purchase (connell et al., 2015). , * ** remember: each source listed on the reference page must correspond to at least one in-text citation in the body of the paper; each in-text citation must correspond to a source listed on the reference page..

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APA Style: Book with three or more authors

• Getting Started

Reference List

• Book with a single author
• Book with two authors
• Book with three or more authors
• Edited book
• Chapter in an edited book
• Edition of a book other than the first
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About Citing Books

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) - entry that appears in the body of your paper when you express the ideas of a researcher or author using your own words.  For more tips on paraphrasing check out The OWL at Purdue .

In-Text Citation (Quotation) - entry that appears in the body of your paper after a direct quote.

References - entry that appears at the end of your paper.

Book With Three Or More Authors

Note : For a work with three or more authors, include the name of only the first author plus "et al." in every citation, including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity. 

In-text citation (Paraphrase)

(Greig et al., 2013)

In-text citation (Quotation)

(Greig et al., 2013, p. 57)

Provide surnames and initials for up to and including 20 authors. When there are two to 20 authors, use an ampersand before the final author’s name: Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. When there are 21 or more authors, include the first 19 authors’ names, insert an ellipsis (but no ampersand), and then add the final author’s name.

Greig, A., Taylor, J., & MacKay, T. (2013).  Doing research with children: A practical

guide. Sage.

Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., & Author Surname, Initial(s).

(Year). Book title: Subtitle. Publisher.

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APA Citation Style, 7th Edition: Journal Article with Three or more Authors

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Journal Article- Three+ Authors & with a DOI

References:

Dyer, E., Swartzlander, B. J. & Gugliucci, M. R. (2018). Using virtual reality in medical education to teach empathy.   Journal of the Medical Library Association ,   106 (4), 498-500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e318299f3e3

In-text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Dyer et al., 2018)

In-text Citation (Direct Quote):

(Dyer et al., 2018, p.498)

Journal Article- Three+ Authors, No DOI (Retrieved From Publisher Website)

Notes: On the example below, the publisher no longer creates a print edition of the journal and articles are assigned an article number. In this example the article number is: e94186. Since the article does not have an official print version page numbers, you have to use another method for direct citations, which generally call for page numbers. APA 7th edition (p. 273) recommends either using paragraph numbers or section names to designate where a direct citation comes from. In the example below, the direct quote came from the Results section of the paper. 

Lee, K., Kreshnik, H., Jeffrey, D. H., & Emmerton, L. M. (2014). Interventions to assist health consumers to find reliable online health information: A comprehensive review.   PLOS ONE, 9 (4) , Article e94186.  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0094186

( Lee et al. , 2007)

(Lee, et al.,  2007, Results section )

Journal Article- Three+ Authors and not available online (Print Format)

Zionts, N. D., Apter, J., Kuchta, J, & Greenhouse, P. K. (2010). Promoting consumer health literacy: Creation of a health information librarian fellowship.   Reference & User Service Quarterly, 49 (4), 350-359.  

(Zoints  et al., 2010)

(Zoints et al., 2010, p.358)

Carrie Forbes, MLS

Page References

Citation information has been adapted from the APA Manual (7th Edition). Please refer to Chapter 10: Reference Examples, pp. 316-320 for more information. 

Helpful Tips

-Include the DOI in the reference if one is assigned.

-If no DOI is assigned and you retrieved the content online, use the home page URL for the journal in the reference.

-If a reference has up to seven authors, include all the author's names in the reference list. 

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Generate accurate APA citations for free

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• APA Style 7th edition

How to Cite in APA Format (7th edition) | Guide & Generator

This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020). Scribbr also offers free guides for the older APA 6th edition , MLA Style , and Chicago Style .

Generate accurate APA citations with Scribbr

Table of contents, apa in-text citations, apa references, formatting the apa reference page, free lecture slides, frequently asked questions.

In-text citations are brief references in the running text that direct readers to the reference entry at the end of the paper. You include them every time you quote or paraphrase someone else’s ideas or words to avoid plagiarism .

An APA in-text citation consists of the author’s last name and the year of publication (also known as the author-date system). If you’re citing a specific part of a source, you should also include a locator such as a page number or timestamp. For example: (Smith, 2020, p. 170) .

Parenthetical vs. narrative citation

The in-text citation can take two forms: parenthetical and narrative. Both types are generated automatically when citing a source with Scribbr’s APA Citation Generator.

• Parenthetical citation: According to new research … (Smith, 2020) .
• Narrative citation: Smith (2020) notes that …

Multiple authors and corporate authors

The in-text citation changes slightly when a source has multiple authors or an organization as an author. Pay attention to punctuation and the use of the ampersand (&) symbol.

Missing information

When the author, publication date or locator is unknown, take the steps outlined below.

Scribbr Citation Checker New

The AI-powered Citation Checker helps you avoid common mistakes such as:

• Missing commas and periods
• Incorrect usage of “et al.”
• Ampersands (&) in narrative citations
• Missing reference entries

APA references generally include information about the author , publication date , title , and source . Depending on the type of source, you may have to include extra information that helps your reader locate the source.

Reference examples

Citing a source starts with choosing the correct reference format. Use Scribbr’s Citation Example Generator to learn more about the format for the most common source types. Pay close attention to punctuation, capitalization, and italicization.

Generate APA citations for free

It is not uncommon for certain information to be unknown or missing, especially with sources found online. In these cases, the reference is slightly adjusted.

On the first line of the page, write the section label “References” (in bold and centered). On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order .

Apply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page:

• Double spacing (within and between references)
• Hanging indent of ½ inch
• Legible font (e.g. Times New Roman 12 or Arial 11)
• Page number in the top right header

Which sources to include

On the reference page, you only include sources that you have cited in the text (with an in-text citation ). You should not include references to personal communications that your reader can’t access (e.g. emails, phone conversations or private online material).

Are you a teacher or professor looking to introduce your students to APA Style? Download our free introductory lecture slides, available for Google Slides and Microsoft PowerPoint.

Open Google Slides Download PowerPoint

When no individual author name is listed, but the source can clearly be attributed to a specific organization—e.g., a press release by a charity, a report by an agency, or a page from a company’s website—use the organization’s name as the author in the reference entry and APA in-text citations .

When no author at all can be determined—e.g. a collaboratively edited wiki or an online article published anonymously—use the title in place of the author. In the in-text citation, put the title in quotation marks if it appears in plain text in the reference list, and in italics if it appears in italics in the reference list. Shorten it if necessary.

When you quote or paraphrase a specific passage from a source, you need to indicate the location of the passage in your APA in-text citation . If there are no page numbers (e.g. when citing a website ) but the text is long, you can instead use section headings, paragraph numbers, or a combination of the two:

(Caulfield, 2019, Linking section, para. 1).

Section headings can be shortened if necessary. Kindle location numbers should not be used in ebook citations , as they are unreliable.

If you are referring to the source as a whole, it’s not necessary to include a page number or other marker.

The abbreviation “ et al. ” (meaning “and others”) is used to shorten APA in-text citations with three or more authors . Here’s how it works:

Only include the first author’s last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).

APA Style usually does not require an access date. You never need to include one when citing journal articles , e-books , or other stable online sources.

However, if you are citing a website or online article that’s designed to change over time, it’s a good idea to include an access date. In this case, write it in the following format at the end of the reference: Retrieved October 19, 2020, from https://www.uva.nl/en/about-the-uva/about-the-university/about-the-university.html

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APA 7th Edition Citation Guide

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Source with Two Authors

Rules for citing more than one author apply to all sources, regardless of format. Below is an example of a book with two authors.

Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use an ampersand (&) for parenthetical citations.

Reference Page Format:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of Publication). Format the remainder according to resource type.

Reference Page Example:

Loveless, D., & Griffith, B. (2014).  Critical pedagogy for a polymodal world . Birkhäuser.

In-text Citation Examples:

According to Loveless and Griffith (2014) ... ...(Loveless & Griffith, 2014). ...(Loveless & Griffith, 2014, p. 121).

Source with Three to Twenty Authors

For all sources with three to twenty authors, include all of the authors on your References page. 

For in-text citations, sources with three or more authors can be abbreviated to only the first author's last name followed by "et al." For example, (Author et al., Year).

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C. (Year of Publication).  Format the remainder according to resource type .

Somerville, I., Purcell, A., & Morrison, F. (2011). Public relations education in a divided society: PR, terrorism and critical pedagogy in post-conflict Northern Ireland.  Public Relations Review, 37 (5), 548-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.09.008

According to Somerville et al. (2011) ... ... (Somerville et al., 2011). ... (Somerville et al., 2011, p. 549).

Source with Twenty-One or More Authors

For sources with twenty-one or more authors, write out the first twenty authors on the References page, add an ellipsis (...), and end with the last author. 

For in-text citations, sources with more than twenty authors can be abbreviated to only the first author's last name followed by "et al." For example, (Author et al., Year).

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S., Author, T. T., . . . Author, Z. Z. (Year of Publication).  Format the remainder according to resource type .

Aad, G., Abbott, B., Abdallah, J., Abdinov, O., Aben, R., Abolins, M., AbouZeid, O. S., Abramowicz, H., Abreu, H., Abreu, R., Abulaiti, Y., Acharya, B. S., Adamczyk, L., Adams, D. L., Adelman, J., Adomeit, S., Adye, T., Affolder, A. A., Agatonovic-Jovin, T., Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A., Alen, S. P., . . . Woods, N. (2015). Combined measurement of the Higgs boson mass in pp collisions at √s=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS experiments.  Physical Review Letters, 114 (19), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.191803

According to Aad et al. (2015) ... ... (Aad et al., 2015). ... (Aad et al., 2015, p. 20).

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How to Cite Multiple Authors in APA

Last Updated: July 4, 2023 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Cara Barker, MA and by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Mueller, JD . Cara Barker is an Assistant Professor and Research and Instruction Librarian at Hunter Library at Western Carolina University. She received her Masters in Library and Information Sciences from the University of Washington in 2014. She has over 16 years of experience working with libraries across the United States. There are 7 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 155,495 times.

In many social science disciplines, you'll use the citation method of the American Psychological Association (APA) to identify the references you used in your paper. When writing a research paper, you may encounter works that have more than 1 author. To cite multiple authors in APA style, include the names of all authors unless there are more than 6.

Cite Multiple Authors in APA Template

Citing 2 to 6 Authors

• For instance, an author named Francis Leanne Montgomery would be listed as "Montgomery, F. L."
• If the author's middle name or initial is not provided, just use their first initial. For example, "Powell, J."
• Separate names of authors with commas. Check to make sure you have a comma after each last name and after each set of initials. For example: "Sunshine, S. J., Summers, P. T., & Autumnwood, S."

• Alphabetize entries in your reference list by the last name of the first author listed.

• The ampersand is always preceded by a comma. For example: "Sunshine, S. J., & Davis, T."

• For example: "Sunshine, S. J., Summers, P. T., & Autumnwood, S. (2010)."
• There is no comma between the last author's initial and the opening parenthesis.

• If the work also has a subtitle, include it after a colon. You'll also capitalize the first word of the subtitle.
• The title may be in italics, depending on the type of work you're citing. This stays the same regardless of the number of authors. For example, a book title would be italicized, but an article in a scholarly journal would not be italicized.

• For example, if you're citing a book written by 3 authors, your citation might be "Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association."

Citing 7 or More Authors

• Keep the names of the authors in the order they are listed on the title page of the book.

• Check your word processing app for an ellipsis style function – it looks like it's just a string of 3 periods, but they are spaced further apart than regular periods.

• For example: "Sunshine, S. P., Brown, J. B., Honey, T., Smith, R., Grandin, T., Petty, L., . . . Sullivan, T.D."
• For example: "Sunshine, S. P., Brown, J. B., Honey, T., Smith, R., Grandin, T., Petty, L., . . . Sullivan, T.D. (2015)."
• For instance: "Sunshine, S. P., Brown, J. B., Honey, T., Smith, R., Grandin, T., Petty, L., . . . Sullivan, T.D. (2015). Creating APA citations for multiple authors."

• For instance: "Sunshine, S. P., Brown, J. B., Honey, T., Smith, R., Grandin, T., Petty, L., . . . Sullivan, T.D. (2015). Creating APA citations for multiple authors. London: Johnson Publishing Group."

Writing In-Text Citations

• Use an ampersand (&) before the last author's name if you are doing a parenthetical citation. If you're incorporating the authors' names into your text, you would spell out the word "and." For example: "(Sunshine, Clark, & Lane, 2010)" or "This truth is reflected in the work of Sunshine, Clark, and Lane."
• If the work has more than 5 authors, you would simply list the last name of the first author, followed by the Latin abbreviation "et al." For example: "(Lane et al., 2014)".

• For example, a parenthetical in-text citation might read "(Sunshine, Summers, & Autumnwood, 1984)."

• For example: "(Sunshine et al., 2010)."

• For example: "(Lane, Clark, & Winters, 2016, p. 92)."

• Use the word "and" immediately before the last author's name. Make sure you have a comma after the next-to-last authors' name as well.
• For example: "According to Sunshine, Summers, and Autumnwood (2010), pizza is a great afternoon snack."
• If there are more than 5 authors, use the first authors' name followed by the Latin abbreviation "et al." when you mention them in your text, just as you would in the parenthetical citation. For example, "Sunshine et al. (2010) further described the value of pizza."

Community Q&A

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_author_authors.html
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html
• ↑ https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles/author-date
• ↑ https://guides.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/APA/journal-article-7-or-more-authors
• ↑ https://morningside.libguides.com/APA7/authors
• ↑ https://research.moreheadstate.edu/c.php?g=107001&p=695202
• ↑ https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/apaquickguide/intext

About This Article

To cite multiple authors in APA in text, list the last names of the authors in parentheses at the end of the sentence you're sourcing, followed by the year of publication. You should also use an ampersand instead of writing out "and" before the last author's name. For example, you would write, "(Smith, Clark, & Lane, 2018)." However, if there are more than 5 authors, only list the first author's last name, followed by the Latin abbreviation "et al." Regardless of how many authors there are, you should use "et al." for all subsequent in-text citations. For more tips from our Librarian co-author, like how to cite multiple authors in your bibliography, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6 th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association , (6 th ed., 2 nd printing).

Note:  This page reflects APA 6, which is now out of date. It will remain online until 2021, but will not be updated. The equivalent APA 7 page can be found here .

APA style has a series of important rules on using author names as part of the author-date system. There are additional rules for citing indirect sources, electronic sources, and sources without page numbers.

Citing an Author or Authors

A Work by Two Authors: Name both authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses each time you cite the work. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses.

A Work by Three to Five Authors: List all the authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses the first time you cite the source. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses.

In subsequent citations, only use the first author's last name followed by "et al." in the signal phrase or in parentheses.

Six or More Authors: Use the first author's name followed by et al. in the signal phrase or in parentheses.

Unknown Author: If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks. APA style calls for capitalizing important words in titles when they are written in the text (but not when they are written in reference lists).

Note : In the rare case the "Anonymous" is used for the author, treat it as the author's name (Anonymous, 2001). In the reference list, use the name Anonymous as the author.

Organization as an Author: If the author is an organization or a government agency, mention the organization in the signal phrase or in the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the source.

If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, include the abbreviation in brackets the first time the source is cited and then use only the abbreviation in later citations.

Two or More Works in the Same Parentheses: When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them the same way they appear in the reference list (viz., alphabetically), separated by a semi-colon.

Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Parentheses: When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works from the same author, list the years of publication in sequence, with the earliest first. Provide in-press citations last. Only list authors' surnames once for each list of dates. 

Following this pattern, multiple works from multiple authors can be contained within a single parenthetical. Separate authors' sources with a semicolon. Note, however, that the authors' names should be provided in the order they appear in the reference list regardless of when their sources were published.

Authors With the Same Last Name: To prevent confusion, use first initials with the last names.

Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year: If you have two sources by the same author in the same year, use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year to order the entries in the reference list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation.

Introductions, Prefaces, Forewords, and Afterwords: When citing an Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword in-text, cite the appropriate author and year as usual.

(Funk & Kolln, 1992)

Personal Communication: For interviews, letters, e-mails, and other person-to-person communication, cite the communicator's name, the fact that it was personal communication, and the date of the communication. Do not include personal communication in the reference list.

Citing Indirect Sources

If you use a source that was cited in another source, name the original source in your signal phrase. List the secondary source in your reference list and include the secondary source in the parentheses.

Note: When citing material in parentheses, set off the citation with a comma, as above. Also, try to locate the original material and cite the original source.

Electronic Sources

If possible, cite an electronic document the same as any other document by using the author-date style.

Unknown Author and Unknown Date: If no author or date is given, use the title in your signal phrase or the first word or two of the title in the parentheses and use the abbreviation "n.d." (for "no date").

Sources Without Page Numbers

When an electronic source lacks page numbers, you should try to include information that will help readers find the passage being cited. When an electronic document has numbered paragraphs, use the abbreviation "para." followed by the paragraph number (Hall, 2001, para. 5). If the paragraphs are not numbered and the document includes headings, provide the appropriate heading and specify the paragraph under that heading. Note that in some electronic sources, like webpages, people can use the "find" function in their browser to locate any passages you cite.

Note: Never use the page numbers of webpages you print out; different computers print webpages with different pagination.

Other Sources

The APA Publication Manual describes how to cite many different kinds of authors and content creators. However, you may occasionally encounter a source or author category that the manual does not describe, making the best way to proceed can be unclear.

In these cases, it's typically acceptable to apply the general principles of APA citation to the new kind of source in a way that's consistent and sensible. A good way to do this is to simply use the standard APA directions for a type of source that resembles the source you want to cite. For example, a sensible way to cite a virtual reality program would be to mimic the APA's guidelines for ordinary computer software .

You may also want to investigate whether a third-party organization has provided directions for how to cite this kind of source. For example, Norquest College provides guidelines for citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers⁠ —an author category that does not appear in the APA Manual . In cases like this, it's a good idea to ask your instructor or supervisor whether using third-party citation guidelines might present problems.

Home / Guides / Citation Guides / APA Format / Formatting an APA title page

Formatting an APA title page

The title page is a requirement for all APA papers. The primary role of the title page is to present just that: the title. But that’s only the beginning of what is actually required for a properly formatted APA title page. This is the first chance a writer has to truly engage with the reader.

For students, the title page also lets people know which class, professor, and institution the text was written for. For professional authors, the title page is an opportunity to share any affiliations or conflicts of interest that might be present.

APA Style recognizes two different ways to format a title page. One is for student papers and the other is for professional papers. This guide will examine the difference and provide real-life examples of both.

The information provided below comes from the 7 th edition of the APA’s Publication Manual . You can read more about title page elements in Sections 2.1 – 2.8.

Here’s a run-through of everything this page includes:

The difference between a professional title page and a student title page in APA

Elements of an apa style title page, apa formatting title page example, conclusion: formatting a title page in apa 7.

Both student and professional title pages require a title, author, and an affiliation. Both types of title page also require the same basic formatting, including 1-inch indentations on all sides and a page number in the top right corner.

The primary difference is that professional title pages also require an author note and a running head. However, some professors do ask that you provide some of these elements in student papers. It’s a good idea to know how to format them just in case.

Student title page APA

An APA title page for any paper being submitted for a class, degree, or thesis is all about the basics. Here are the elements that should be included in a student title page :

• Title of your paper
• Byline (author or authors)
• Affiliation (department and university)
• Course name and course number
• Instructor name

Page number

Your professor or institution might have their own formatting requirements. When writing a paper for a class, the first rule is to always pay attention to the instructions.

Professional title page APA

A professional title page skips the class info and due date, but it includes:

• Affiliation (division and/or organization)
• Author note
• Running head

The author note and running head are generally only required for professional papers. However, some professors might ask that you include one or both of them. Be sure to check the assignment instructions before submitting.

The title of your paper is really important. This is where the author needs to simultaneously inform and engage the reader without being overly wordy.

An effective title will:

• Engage the reader
• Concisely explain the main topic of research
• Concisely explain any relevant variables or theoretical issues

The paper title should be placed three or four lines down from the top margin of the page. It should be presented in bold, title case, and centered on the page.

Author/Byline

The correct way to display the author’s name is first name, middle initial, and last name. The most important thing is to prevent the possibility of mistaken identity. After all, there are a lot of papers published every year, and it’s possible that someone else has the same name as you do.

For all author bylines in APA, all licenses and degrees are omitted (e.g., Dr., Professor, PhD, RN, etc.).

If your paper has multiple authors, then they should all be listed in the same way, in order of their contributions. All authors should be on the same line, unless more lines are required.

Here’s an example of a properly formatted byline for a paper with two authors:

Cassandra M. Berkman and Wilhelm K. Jackson

Affiliation

The affiliation element is where you identify the place where the work was conducted or who it was conducted for. This is almost always a university or institution. In some cases, there are multiple affiliations for one author, or multiple authors with different affiliations.

Academic affiliations

Academic affiliations include schools, universities, and teaching hospitals. The affiliation line should include the specific department followed by the name of the institution. There is no need to include a location for academic affiliations.

Here is an example of what a basic academic affiliation line should look like:

Department of Psychology, Colorado State University

Non-academic affiliations

Non-academic affiliations are anything that isn’t a school or university, which could be a hospital, laboratory, or just about any type of organization. The affiliation line for a non-academic organization should include the department or division, followed by the name and location of the organization. All elements should be separated by commas.

Here’s how it looks when put to use:

Vidant Health, Greenville, NC, United States

Course number and name (Student only)

Use the course number and course name as they appear on official university materials. Examples:

• ENG 204: Modern English Literature
• PSYC 2301: Research Methodology

Instructor name (Student papers only)

It’s important that you display your instructor’s name in their preferred way. With academics who have multiple degrees and positions, this isn’t something that you should guess at.

It is generally safe to use the course syllabus to see how they prefer to be listed. For example, some use the word “Professor” as their prefix, and many will have PhD, RN, or other type of professional designation.

Due date (Student papers only)

The due date should be presented in the day, month, and year format that is standard to your country.

The page number goes at the top right-hand side of the paper. This is one of the only elements that appears on every single page.

You can add running page numbers to your paper by double-clicking the header portion of the document or clicking the “Insert” tab. It will automatically insert page numbers into the rest of the document.

Author note (Professional papers only)

The author note is usually only required for professional papers. This is where additional data, disclaimers, conflicts of interest, and statements about funding are placed. In some cases, the author statement can be several pages long.

The author note is generally split into four paragraphs, including:

• ORCID iD (a scientific/academic author ID)
• Changes of Affiliation
• Disclosures and Acknowledgments
• Contact Information

Section 2.7 of the Publication Manual has even more information on how to structure these elements for a professional paper.

Running Head (Professional papers only)

While some student papers might require a running head, this is something that is typically only for papers being submitted for publication. This is an abbreviated version of your title that appears at the top of every page to help readers identify it. The running title is particularly useful especially in print versions of journals and publications.

The running head does not have to use the same words as they appear in your title. Instead, try to re-work your paper’s main idea into a shortened form.

For example, if your paper’s title is:

“A Mystery of Style: Exploring the Formatting Mechanics of the Running Head According  to APA Style 7th Edition”

Then your abbreviated title can be something like:

“RUNNING HEAD IN APA 7”

“FORMATTING THE RUNNING HEAD”

The idea is to convey only the most important aspects of your title. The running head should be entered in the page header, flush left against the margin, and presented in all-capital letters.

The APA suggests a maximum length of 50 characters (including spaces and punctuation) for a running head. If your title is already 50 characters and under, then you can use the whole thing as the running head.

Next, let’s have a look at an example of what a real APA title page looks like when it’s all put together.

Student title page formatting example

Professional title page formatting example

All papers written according to APA Style should have a properly formatted title page. Making sure that the title page elements are accurate and informative will help people access your work. It is also the first opportunity that you have as the author to establish credibility and engage the reader.

For more information on the basic elements of an APA paper, check out Chapter 2 of the Publication Manual or our guide on APA format .

Published October 28, 2020.

APA Formatting Guide

APA Formatting

• Annotated Bibliography
• Block Quotes
• et al Usage
• In-text Citations
• Multiple Authors
• Paraphrasing
• Page Numbers
• Parenthetical Citations
• Reference Page
• Sample Paper
• APA 7 Updates
• View APA Guide

Citation Examples

• Book Chapter
• Journal Article
• Magazine Article
• Newspaper Article
• Website (no author)
• View all APA Examples

An APA title page provides the details of the paper, such as the title of the paper, author name, and author affiliation. APA title pages have two formats—one for professional papers and one for student papers.

The elements to be added on the title page of a professional paper (in order of appearance) are:

• Page number and running head: These elements appear in the header section. The page number appears at the top-right corner, whereas the running head appears at the top-left corner. If the title is too long, the running head is shortened to less than 50 characters.
• Title of the paper: It provides information about the paper. It is aligned center and set in bold.
• Names of the authors: It gives the names of the contributors to the paper and is aligned center.
• Affiliations of the authors: It gives the department and university details of the authors.
• Author note: It gives extra information about the authors.

In a student paper, the following details are included on the title page:

• Page number: This appears in the top-right corner of the header section.
• Title of the paper: It gives the reader an idea of the information in the paper. It appears in title case and bold. It is center-aligned.
• Names of the authors: The names of the contributors are added here. This field is also called the by-line.
• Affiliations of the authors: It includes the names of the authors’ departments and universities.
• Name of the course: The name of the course for which the paper is written is included in this field.
• Name of the instructor: Unlike the professional paper, the instructor’s name is included in a student paper.
• Due date of the assignment: The due date of the assignment is added here. The format is “Month Day, Year” (e.g., August 22, 2017).

The title page information for APA is different for a professional paper and a student paper. As a student, you need to include the following details in the same order on the title page of your student paper.

• Page number: This appears in the header section. Set the page number in the top-right corner of the header.
• Title of the paper: Set it in title case and bold. Align it to the center.
• Names of the authors: Provide the names of the contributors. This field is also called the by-line.
• Affiliations of the authors: Include your department and university name.
• Name of the course: Provide the name of the course and course number for which the paper is written.
• Name of the instructor: Add the instructor’s name. There is no rigid rule on how to set the instructor’s name. You can set it according to the instructor’s preference.
• Due date of the assignment: Add the due date of the assignment. The format should be “Month Day, Year” (e.g., August 23, 2021).

APA Citation Examples

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How to Cite a PowerPoint in APA [A Complete Guide]

Citing PowerPoint presentations in APA style is essential for students and researchers. It shows you are following academic rules and gives credit to the original source of the information you use. This guide is designed to be easy to understand and follow, even if you are not familiar with APA style. It includes examples and step-by-step instructions to help you learn how to cite PowerPoint presentations correctly.

Part 1: APA Citation for PowerPoint Presentations

1. powerpoint presentation as a source of data.

PowerPoint presentations can be a valuable source of data for researchers and writers. They can contain a variety of information, including text, images, graphics, and charts. This data can be used to support arguments, illustrate points, and provide evidence for claims.

APA Citation Format

The following is the APA citation format for PowerPoint presentations:

Author(s). (Year, Month, Date). Title of PowerPoint presentation. Presented at Name of conference or event, Location of conference or event.

For example:

Why people like to use powerpoint as source of data:

Easy to access and share

Present data in a visually appealing way makes data more engaging and easier to understand

Can be used to collect and present data in a variety of ways

2. APA Citation for PowerPoint Presentations

There are three main styles of quoting sources: APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language Association), and Chicago. Each style has its own specific format for citing sources, which is why it is important to be familiar with the style that you are required to use for your particular assignment or publication.

It is also used in some other disciplines, such as business and education. APA style citations are typically placed in parentheses within the text of the paper, with a full list of references at the end of the paper.

MLA style citations are typically placed in parentheses within the text of the paper, with a full list of works cited at the end of the paper.

There are two main types of Chicago style: notes and bibliography style and author-date style.

Notes and bibliography style citations are placed in footnotes or endnotes at the bottom of the page, with a full bibliography at the end of the paper.

Author-date style citations are placed in parentheses within the text of the paper, with a full list of references at the end of the paper.

Why Is APA Useful and Important ?

APA style is a useful and important citation style because it is widely used in a variety of disciplines. It is also a very clear and concise style, which makes it easy to read and understand. Additionally, APA style citations are very informative, providing all of the necessary information to identify the source that has been cited.

Part 2: How to Cite a PowerPoint in APA

1. citing an accessible powerpoint.

Citing accessible PowerPoint presentations is essential in various situations where these presentations serve as sources of information, research findings, or educational materials. Below, I'll introduce the circumstances in which citing an accessible PowerPoint may be necessary and provide examples of sources from which these PowerPoint presentations can originate:

Examples of APA Citation for Accessible PowerPoint Presentations:

Citing a PowerPoint from a Public Website:

Author(s). (Year). Title of presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Website Name. URL

Citing a PowerPoint from a Lecture or Meeting:

Presenter(s). (Year). Title of presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Meeting/Lecture Name.

You can attach the URL link also if applicable

Citing a PowerPoint from an Educational Institution:

Author(s). (Year). Title of presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Course Name, Educational Institution. URL (if applicable)

2. Citing an Unaccessible Powerpoint

In some cases, PowerPoint presentations may not be accessible, either because they are user-generated without proper citation details or are not publicly available. Here are circumstances where citing an inaccessible PowerPoint may be used:

Citing a User-Generated PowerPoint:

Author. (Year). Title of presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Unpublished.

Additional reminder:

If you are citing an inaccessible PowerPoint, it is important to note that your readers may not be able to access the presentation. You should therefore provide as much information as possible about the presentation

3. How to Cite a PowerPoint with Multiple Authors

If the PowerPoint has just two authors, you may use comma(,) or ampersand(&) to separate them but If the PowerPoint has more than two authors, list the authors by commas only.

Examples of APA Citation for multiple authors PowerPoint Presentations:

Two authors example:

In-text citation:

Multiple Authors example:

Part3: In-Text Citations in PowerPoint Presentations

In-text citations help your audience understand the source of your information and allow them to access more details if needed. We'll provide a brief introduction, examples, and tips for using in-text citations in PowerPoint presentations following APA style guidelines.

Example of citing with author’s name:

Example of citing without author’s name in the sentence:

Example of citing author’s name and year when summarizing:

Tips for Citing Sources in PowerPoint Presentations:

Be consistent with your citation style

Use Slide Number

Keep It Concise

Pay attention to punctuation and formatting

Place your in-text citations near the information

Additional Tip:

You can use a citation manager to help you to cite your sources in APA style. Citation managers can help you to create and format your citations, and they can also help you to keep track of your sources.

Part4: Citation Tools and Software

WPS Office is an essential software tool for creating and checking PowerPoint presentations. WPS supports opening PowerPoint documents and offers a range of features and benefits for creating and editing presentations. Here are some of the features and benefits of using WPS Office Presentation:

Free download and free to use Word, Excel, and PPT: WPS Office is completely free to use, with no hidden fees or subscriptions.

● Powerful PDF toolkit : WPS Office includes a powerful PDF toolkit that allows users to create, edit, and convert PDF files.

● Rich template store: WPS Office has a rich template store with over 10,000 templates to choose from, including a variety of scheduling templates.

● Rich functions: WPS Office offers a wide range of features and functions, including the ability to collaborate with others online and to create and edit documents on the go.

● Light weight : WPS Office is a lightweight application that takes up very little space on your computer.

● Support online documents : WPS Office allows users to save and access documents online, making it easy to collaborate with others and to access your files from anywhere.

● Safe and stable: WPS Office is a safe and stable application that has been used by millions of people around the world.

If you are looking for some best online citation tools. Here are three of the best online citation tools:

Grammarly is a comprehensive writing assistant that can help you to improve your grammar, spelling, and punctuation. It can also help you to cite your sources in APA style.

Zotero is a free and open-source reference management software. It can help you to collect, organize, and cite your sources.

EasyBib is a free online citation generator. It can help you to create APA citations for a variety of sources, including PowerPoint presentations.

How to use Grammarly to cite a PowerPoint presentation in APA style

To use Grammarly to cite a PowerPoint presentation in APA style, follow these steps:

Step 1: Access Grammarly

Step 2: Click on the "tools & Guides" tab and choose for citation generator

Step 3: Select your citation style (APA, MLA or Chicago)

Step 4: Enter the information about the PowerPoint presentation that you want to cite

Step 5: Grammarly will generate an APA citation for the PowerPoint presentation.

Step 6: You can then copy and paste the citation into your presentation.

Congratulations, you have successfully generated a citation for your powerpoint slide by using grammarly citation generator.

Here is a summary of different situations when choosing one to use:

Grammarly: Grammarly is a good option for users who want a comprehensive writing assistant and citations.

Zotero : Zotero is a good option for users who need to manage a large number of sources.

EasyBib : EasyBib is a good option for users who need to create APA citations for a variety of sources quickly and easily.

All three of these citation tools are excellent choices, but each one has its own strengths and weaknesses. The best citation tool for you will depend on your individual needs and preferences.

If you are not sure which one to choose, I recommend trying out all three of them to see which one you like best.

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FAQs about how to cite a powerpoint in apa

Q1: how do i cite a source with no author in apa style.

If you need to cite a source with no author in APA style, you should use the title of the source in the in-text citation and reference list entry. If it is a book or article, use italics for the title; if it is a webpage or report, use quotation marks. Here's an example:

In-text citation : ("Title of the Source," Year)

Reference list : Title of the Source. (Year). Publisher or Website. URL

Q2: How to cite information quoted in a PowerPoint?

To cite information quoted in a PowerPoint presentation, follow the same rules as you would for any other source. Include the author's name, publication year, and specific slide number in the in-text citation. If the presentation is online, provide the URL. Here's an example:

In-text citation: (Author, Year, Slide Number)

Reference list: Author. (Year). Title of presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Website Name. URL

Q3: How to cite a slideshow that wasn’t made with PowerPoint In APA?

To cite a slideshow created with software like WPS Office in APA:

In-Text Citation:

Use author's name (if available), year, and slide number in parentheses: (Author, Year, Slide Number).

Reference List Entry:

Include author's name (if available), year, presentation title in italics, source details (e.g., conference name or URL), and specify it's a PowerPoint presentation. Author. (Year). Title of presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Source Details. URL.

In-text: (Smith, 2023, Slide 5)

Reference: Smith, J. (2023). Renewable Energy Trends [PowerPoint slides]. International Renewable Energy Conference.

The article provides a comprehensive guide on citing PowerPoint presentations in APA style. While emphasizing the importance of proper citations, it mentions the use of software like WPS Office for creating presentations. The guide covers in-text citations and reference list entries for various scenarios, including those with or without authors. Overall, it offers clear instructions for citing PowerPoint presentations effectively in APA format.

• 1. How to Make A Pie Chart in PowerPoint [A Complete Guide]
• 2. How to Download PowerPoint on Mac [A Complete Guide]
• 3. How to Reference a PowerPoint [A Complete Guide]
• 4. How to Cite in a PowerPoint (APA, MLA, Chicago Style) The Ultimate Guide
• 5. How to Cite a PowerPoint in MLA Style The Beginner’s Guide
• 6. How to Cite Sources in a PowerPoint: A Comprehensive Guide

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APA Citation Style, 7th edition: Two Authors or Editors

• General Style Guidelines
• One Author or Editor
• Two Authors or Editors
• Three to Five Authors or Editors
• Article or Chapter in an Edited Book
• Article in a Reference Book
• Edition other than the First
• Translation
• Government Publication
• Journal Article with 1 Author
• Journal Article with 2 Authors
• Journal Article with 3–20 Authors
• Journal Article 21 or more Authors
• Magazine Article
• Newspaper Article
• Basic Web Page
• Web page from a University site
• Web Page with No Author
• Entry in a Reference Work
• Government Document
• Film and Television
• Youtube Video
• Audio Podcast
• Electronic Image
• Twitter/Instagram
• Lecture/PPT
• Conferences
• Secondary Sources
• Citation Support
• Avoiding Plagiarism
• Formatting Your Paper

About Citing Books

For each type of source in this guide, both the general form and an example will be provided.

The following format will be used:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) - entry that appears in the body of your paper when you express the ideas of a researcher or author using your own words.  For more tips on paraphrasing check out The OWL at Purdue .

In-Text Citation (Quotation) - entry that appears in the body of your paper after a direct quote.

References - entry that appears at the end of your paper.

Information on citing and several of the examples were drawn from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

Book with Two Authors or Editors

The general format below refers to a book with two authors.

If you are dealing with two editors instead of two authors, you would simply insert the names of the editors into the place where the authors' names are now, followed by "(Eds.)" without the quotation marks (see the example below). The rest of the format would remain the same.

General Format

Subject Guide

• << Previous: One Author or Editor
• Next: Three to Five Authors or Editors >>

• Last Updated: Sep 28, 2023 9:08 AM
• URL: https://guides.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/APA

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